Turbomachinery

COURSE CONTENT

FUNCTIONAL PRINCIPLES AND MACHINES. CALCULATION OF THE FLUID-DYNAMIC ENERGY CONVERSION. Fluid status and elementary stage. Euler Turbine Equation. Energy equation. Thermodynamic diagrams in fluid dynamics machines. Power types and performance grades. THE TURBOMACHINERY IN THE INSTALLATION. Energy balance in a centrifugal pump, hydro turbine and fan or blower installation. A characteristic curve of the machine without loss, with internal losses and a true characteristic pump curve. Installation curve. KINEMATIC CONNECTION OF RELATIVE AND ABSOLUTE FLOW. Types of torques and powers at the stage. PRINCIPLES OF SIMILARITY IN FLUID DYMANIC MACHINES. Principles of similarity in the stage. Effect of variation in the rotational speed and the external diameter of the impeller. The specific number of revolutio. Types of rotors. Cavitation. Ultrasonic flow. DESIGN OF CENTRIFUGAL TURBOMACHINERY. Fluid-mechanical calculation of centrifugal rotors and blade construction. Spiral shell and guide vanes. FANS. Centrifugal Fan Construction Calculation. WIND TURBINES. Conversion of the wind energy-Betz limit. Horizontal axis wind turbine. Momentum and blade element theory. Vertical axis wind turbine. Two-dimensional momentum theory. Simple and multiple flow tube theory. Three-dimensional flow. Finite-span wing theory. Vorticity theory for wind turbines. AXIAL FLOW TURBOMACHINERY.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

This is a basic lesson of the Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering and aims to give to the Mechanical Engineer student the basic knowledge of the operation of the Fluid Dynamics Machines, i.e. pumps, hydraulic turbines, fans, compressors, wind turbines, etc. regarding their behavior in facilities of mechanical interest, such as central heating, air-conditioning, hydroelectric plants, water supply facilities, etc. Such knowledge is necessary in the professional activity of the Mechanical Engineering and are used in many subsequent courses such as Wind Energy Systems, Multi-Phase Flows, Heating, Cooling-Air Conditioning, etc.

Upon successful completion of the course, the student will:

• Has comprehended the basics of operating the fluid dynamics machines as well as the parameters affecting them.
• Has knowledge of calculating the flow behavior of the various fluids in the volute and the engine impeller, will determine the velocity triangles and pressure distributions and will calculate the technical characteristics of the engines.
•  Be aware of and be able to apply the fundamental equations governing the operation of fluid-dynamic machines, be able to calculate and design machines with specific technical characteristics as well as installations in heating, air conditioning, power generation and pumping of fluids avoiding cavitation and achieving high performance.